This narrative review synthesizes and introduces 386 previous works about virtual reality-
induced symptoms and effects by focusing on cybersickness, visual fatigue, muscle fatigue …

Artificial light at night (ALAN) is increasing exponentially worldwide, accelerated by the
transition to new efficient lighting technologies. However, ALAN and resulting light pollution …

Introduction: Blue light from electronic devices has a bad reputation. It has a wavelength
which may influence our circadian rhythm and cause bad sleep. But there are other aspects …

Understanding the associations between adequate sleep, performance and health
outcomes is vital, yet a major limitation in the design and interpretation of studies of sleep …

There has been increased interest in the measurement of melatonin in plasma and saliva
recently either as a marker of circadian phase or to understand the physiological role of …

Purpose To investigate the influences of smartphone use on ocular symptoms, status of the
tear film, and oxidative stress indices in the tears and at the ocular surface. Methods Eighty …

Alternation between day and night is a predictable environmental fluctuation that organisms
use to time their activities. Since the invention of artificial lighting, this predictability has been …

Background and aims Individuals with schizophrenia may often experience poor sleep, self-
stigma, impaired social functions, and problematic smartphone use. However, the temporal …

Abstract Study Objectives To determine the longitudinal associations of long-time mobile
phone use (LTMPU) with sleep disturbances and mental distress in a prospective cohort of …

Lately, the incidence of overweight, obesity, and type 2 diabetes has shown a staggering
increase. To prevent and treat these conditions, one must look at their etiology. As life on …