MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have been identified as important post transcriptional regulators of
gene expression. In higher vertebrates, a subset of miRNAs has been identified as important …

The innate immune response involves a concerted network of induced gene products,
preformed immune effectors, biochemical signalling cascades and specialised cells …

Novirhabdoviruses belong to the Rhabdoviridae family of RNA viruses. All of the four
members are pathogenic for bony fish. Particularly, Infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus …

Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) are functional RNA molecules that are transcribed from DNA
but not translated into proteins. ncRNAs function as key regulators of gene expression and …

The innate immune system is the first‐line defence against invading pathogens, and the
main molecules involved in recognizing invading pathogens are the pattern recognition …

The innate immune system is the first line defense mechanism that recognizes, responds to,
controls or eliminates invading pathogens. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are a critical family of …

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are key regulators in fish immune responses. However, no study has
previously characterized the impact of polyriboinosinic polyribocytidylic acid (pIC) and …

Background MicroRNAs (miRNAs) control multiple biological processes including the innate
immune responses by negative post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression. As there …

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are known to play important immunoregulatory roles in teleosts,
although miRNAs involved in the antiviral immune response of Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) …

Cell-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) participate in cell-cell communication via transfer of
molecular cargo including genetic material like miRNAs. In mammals, it has previously been …