The energy balance of vertebrates is regulated by the difference in energy input and energy
expenditure. Generally, most vertebrates obtain their energy from nutrients of foods through …

Knowledge about the endocrine regulation of energy balance in fish is of interest for basic
as well as aquaculture research. Ghrelin is a peptide hormone that was first identified in fish …

Nesfatin‐1 is a novel anorectic peptide encoded in the precursor protein nucleobindin‐2
(NUCB2). We recently reported the presence and appetite suppressing effects of nesfatin‐1 …

Energy balance plays an important role in the control of reproduction. However, the cellular
and molecular mechanisms connecting the two systems are not well understood especially …

Abstract Background The ballan wrasse (Labrus bergylta) belongs to a large teleost family
containing more than 600 species showing several unique evolutionary traits such as lack of …

To understand fully the biology of ghrelin, it is important to know the evolutionary history of
ghrelin and its receptor. Phylogenetic and comparative genomic studies of mammalian and …

In vertebrates, the regulation of food intake is a complex phenomenon involving numerous
central and peripheral endocrine factors. The actions of these factors are modulated by both …

Recently, liver-expressed antimicrobial peptide 2 (LEAP2) was identified as an endogenous
antagonist and an inverse agonist of the ghrelin receptor GHSR. However, its functions in …

The hypothalamus, limbic system, and brainstem play an important role in the regulation of
instinctive behavior. Many kinds of hypothalamic neuropeptides, such as orexin, ghrelin …

Glucose homeostasis is an important biological process that involves a variety of regulatory
mechanisms. This study aimed to determine whether ghrelin, a multifunctional gut-brain …