Tens of millions of contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) exams are
performed annually around the world. The contrast agents, which improve diagnostic …

Directed evolution has advanced into a standard industrial “tool” to tailor naturally occurring
proteins for a variety of biotechnological applications, thus enabling product valorization and …

Biocatalytic oxidations are an emerging technology for selective C− H bond activation. While
promising for a range of selective oxidations, practical use of enzymes catalyzing aerobic …

Enzymes are protein molecules functioning as specialized catalysts for chemical reactions.
They have contributed greatly to the traditional and modern chemical industry by improving …

P450BM3 (CYP102A1), a fatty acid hydroxylase from Bacillus megaterium, has been
extensively studied over a period of almost forty years. The enzyme has been redesigned to …

Recent developments in computational chemistry and biology have come together in the
“inside‐out” approach to enzyme engineering. Proteins have been designed to catalyze …

Engineered metabolic pathways constructed from enzymes heterologous to the production
host often suffer from flux imbalances, as they typically lack the regulatory mechanisms …

The ability to routinely generate efficient protein catalysts of bond-forming reactions chosen
by researchers, rather than nature, is a long-standing goal of the molecular life sciences …

Direct reprogramming of somatic cells to induced pluripotent stem cells by ectopic
expression of defined transcription factors has raised fundamental questions regarding the …

The biophysical properties that enable proteins to so readily evolve to perform diverse
biochemical tasks are largely unknown. Here, we show that a protein's capacity to evolve is …