Discrete character-taxon matrices are increasingly being used in an attempt to understand
the pattern and tempo of morphological evolution; however, methodological sophistication …

Studies in evolutionary biology and biogeography increasingly rely on the estimation of
dated phylogenetic trees using molecular clocks. In turn, the calibration of such clocks is …

Paired fins are a major innovation, that evolved in the jawed vertebrate lineage after
divergence from living jawless vertebrates. Extinct jawless armoured stem gnathostomes …

Birds today are the most diverse clade of terrestrial vertebrates, and understanding why
extant birds (Aves) alone among dinosaurs survived the Cretaceous-Paleogene mass …

Abstract The Late Jurassic Tendaguru Formation of Tanzania, southeastern Africa, records a
rich sauropod fauna, including the diplodocoids Dicraeosaurus and Tornieria, and the …

The filamentous fungal family Aspergillaceae contains> 1,000 known species, mostly in the
genera Aspergillus and Penicillium. Several species are used in the food, biotechnology …

Remarkably well-preserved soft tissues in Mesozoic fossils have yielded substantial insights
into the evolution of feathers 1. New evidence of branched feathers in pterosaurs suggests …

First appearing in the latest Cretaceous, Crocodylia is a clade of semi-aquatic, predatory
reptiles, defined by the last common ancestor of extant alligators, caimans, crocodiles, and …

Australian dinosaurs have played a rare but controversial role in the debate surrounding the
effect of Gondwanan break-up on Cretaceous dinosaur distribution. Major spatiotemporal …

Pterosaurs were the first vertebrates to achieve true flapping flight, but in the absence of
living representatives, many questions concerning their biology and lifestyle remain …