In this review article, we aimed to discuss intricate roles of SD in modulating depression in
preclinical and clinical studies. Decades of research have shown the inconsistent effects of …

Background The blood–brain barrier (BBB) is a complex physical and functional barrier
protecting the central nervous system from physical and chemical insults. Nevertheless, it …

Microwaves have been suggested to induce neuronal injury and increase permeability of
the blood–brain barrier (BBB), but the mechanism remains unknown. The role of the …

Clinical and experimental studies have shown a clear link between diabetes, vascular
dysfunction and cognitive impairment. However, the molecular underpinnings of this …

Background Breast cancer remains a leading cause of death by cancer worldwide. It is
commonly accepted that angiogenesis and the expression of angiogenic factors such as …

Environmental enrichment (EE) is considered an efficient neuroprotector against neonatal
hypoxia-ischemia (HI). Nevertheless, the mechanisms involved are not yet clear. In this …

Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) exerts both neuroprotective and proinflammatory
effects in the brain, depending on the VEGF (A–E) and VEGF receptor (VEGFR1–3) types …

Accidents involving venomous animals are a significant public health problem, since bites
can be lethal or induce clinical complications. Spider bites from the genus Phoneutria …

Severe accidents caused by the “armed” spider Phoneutria nigriventer cause neurotoxic
manifestations in victims. In experiments with rats, P. nigriventer venom (PNV) temporarily …

An important transcellular transport mechanism in the blood-brain barrier (BBB) involves
caveolae, which are specialized delta-shaped domains of the endothelial plasma …