Bell9s palsy is a common cranial neuropathy causing acute unilateral lower motor neuron
facial paralysis. Immune, infective and ischaemic mechanisms are all potential contributors …

Introduction Post-paralytic facial synkinesis after facial nerve injury produces functional
disabilities and mimetic deficits, but also cosmetic and non-motor psychosocial impairments …

Objectives/Hypothesis To evaluate the range and incidence of facial palsy etiologies in
cases presenting to a tertiary facial nerve center, and to review the broad and evolving …

Background: To address functional and smile dysfunction associated with post–facial
paralysis synkinesis, the senior author (BA) has offered “modified selective neurectomy” of …

Accounts of facial paralysis date back to 5th century BCE by Hippocrates. 1 Sir Charles Bell
described the anatomy of the facial nerve and its association with unilateral facial paralysis …

Importance Synkinesis is the involuntary movement of 1 area of the face accompanying
volitional movement of another; it is commonly encountered in patients affected by facial …

Synkinetic facial movement develops following facial nerve injury. It manifests as involuntary
movement in the presence of voluntary movement. Any form of facial nerve repair …

Background: Bilateral facial palsy is a rare clinical entity caused by myriad disparate
conditions requiring different treatment paradigms. Lyme disease, Guillain-Barré syndrome …

Introduction Synkinesis refers to abnormal involuntary facial movements that accompany
volitional facial movements. Despite a 55% incidence of synkinesis reported in patients with …

The management of acute facial nerve insult may entail medical therapy, surgical
exploration, decompression, or repair depending on the etiology. When recovery is not …