Proliferating cancer cells rely largely on glutamine for survival and proliferation. Glutamine
serves as a carbon source for the synthesis of lipids and metabolites via the TCA cycle, as …

The TP53 tumor suppressor is the most frequently altered gene in human cancers, and has
been a major focus of oncology research. The p53 protein is a transcription factor that can …

Cancer is a disease of uncontrollably reproducing cells. It is governed by biochemical
pathways that have escaped the regulatory bounds of normal homeostatic balance. This …

Several non-redundant features of the tumour microenvironment facilitate
immunosuppression and limit anticancer immune responses. These include physical …

Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) are tumor cells that shed from the primary tumor and
intravasate into the peripheral blood circulation system responsible for metastasis. Sensitive …

Epigenetic mechanisms play vital roles not only in cancer initiation and progression, but also
in the activation, differentiation and effector function (s) of immune cells. In this review, we …

Hypoxia is an important feature of the tumor microenvironment, and is closely associated
with cell proliferation, angiogenesis, metabolism and the tumor immune response. All these …

The drivers of sporadic Alzheimer's disease (AD) remain incompletely understood. Utilizing
directly converted induced neurons (iNs) from AD-patient-derived fibroblasts, we identified a …

Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathways represent ubiquitous signal transduction
pathways that regulate all aspects of life and are frequently altered in disease. Here, we …

Drug resistance represents a major obstacle in cancer management, and the mechanisms
underlying stress adaptation of cancer cells in response to therapy-induced hostile …