Angiogenesis is an essential process in normal development and in adult physiology, but
can be disrupted in numerous diseases. The concept of targeting angiogenesis for treating …

Abstract The United States Food and Drug Administration (US FDA) has always been a
forerunner in drug evaluation and supervision. Over the past 31 years, 1050 drugs …

The NCCN Guidelines for Kidney Cancer focus on the screening, diagnosis, staging,
treatment, and management of renal cell carcinoma (RCC). Patients with relapsed or stage …

PURPOSE To provide recommendations for the management of patients with metastatic
clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC). METHODS An Expert Panel conducted a systematic …

Insights into the role of the tumor suppressor pVHL in oxygen sensing motivated the testing
of drugs that target the transcription factor HIF or HIF-responsive growth factors, such as …

Background In a single-group, phase 1b trial, avelumab plus axitinib resulted in objective
responses in patients with advanced renal-cell carcinoma. This phase 3 trial involving …

Angiogenesis is a double-edged sword; it is a mechanism that defines the boundary
between health and disease. In spite of its central role in physiological homeostasis, it …

Over the past 12 years, medical treatment for renal cell carcinoma (RCC) has transitioned
from a nonspecific immune approach (in the cytokine era), to targeted therapy against …

Background Nivolumab, a programmed death 1 (PD-1) checkpoint inhibitor, was associated
with encouraging overall survival in uncontrolled studies involving previously treated …

Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is the most common form of kidney cancer. It is categorized into
various subtypes, with clear cell RCC (ccRCC) representing about 85% of all RCC tumors …