For many avian species, the decision to initiate breeding is based on information from a
variety of environmental cues, including photoperiod, temperature, food availability, and …

The first comprehensive review of all aspects of the biology of moult, drawing information
from across the literature and in all birds, from penguins to passerines. Feathers are …

For male vertebrates, androgens are considered physiological mediators of the trade-off
between mating and parenting effort. About 30 years ago, the challenge hypothesis …

Glucocorticoid hormones are important regulators of metabolic processes, and of the
behavioral and physiological responses to stressors. Within-population variation in …

Stressful experiences can promote harmful effects on physiology and fitness. However,
stress-mediated hormonal and immune changes are complex and may be highly dependent …

Air pollution constitutes potential threats to wildlife and human health; therefore, it must be
monitored accurately. However, little attention has been given to understanding the …

Glucocorticoid hormones (GCs) are often assumed to be indicators of stress. At the same
time, one of their fundamental roles is to facilitate metabolic processes to accommodate …

Food abundance is closely associated with reproductive readiness in vertebrates. Food
scarcity can activate the hypothalamo–pituitary–adrenal axis, decrease sex steroid …

To maximize fitness, organisms must invest energetic and nutritional resources into
developing, activating, and maintaining reproductive physiology and behavior …

Desert birds inhabit hot, dry environments that are becoming hotter and drier as a
consequence of climate change. Extreme weather such as heatwaves can cause mass …