Abstract The MDS Research Criteria for Prodromal PD allow the diagnosis of prodromal
Parkinson's disease using an evidence‐based conceptual framework, which was designed …

Xanthine oxidoreductase (XOR) consists of two different forms, xanthine dehydrogenase
and xanthine oxidase (XO), and is a rate-limiting enzyme of uric acid production from …

Since 2006, several longitudinal studies have assessed environmental or behavioural
factors that seem to modify the risk of developing Parkinson's disease. Increased risk of …

Background New drugs and new evidence concerning the use of established treatments
have become available since the publication of the first European League Against …

New discoveries providing insights into mitochondrial bioenergetics, their dynamic
interactions as well as their role in cellular homeostasis have dramatically advanced our …

Importance Urate elevation, despite associations with crystallopathic, cardiovascular, and
metabolic disorders, has been pursued as a potential disease-modifying strategy for …

Parkinson disease (PD) treatment options have conventionally focused on dopamine
replacement and provision of symptomatic relief. Current treatments cause undesirable …

Sporadic Parkinson's disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease, with a
complex risk structure thought to be influenced by interactions between genetic variants and …

Over a period of more than 50 years, the symptomatic treatment of the motor symptoms of
Parkinson disease (PD) has been optimized using pharmacotherapy, deep brain …

The etiology of Parkinson's disease (PD) is not well understood but likely to involve both
genetic and environmental factors. Incidence and prevalence estimates vary to a large …