Immune cells and commensal microbes in the human intestine constantly communicate with
and react to each other in a stable environment in order to maintain healthy immune …

Prenatal and early postnatal life represent key periods of immune system development. In
addition to genetics and host biology, environment has a large and irreversible role in the …

Allergic diseases such as allergic rhinitis (AR), allergic asthma (AAS), atopic dermatitis (AD),
food allergy (FA), and eczema are systemic diseases caused by an impaired immune …

Human breast milk is considered the optimum feeding regime for newborn infants due to its
ability to provide complete nutrition and many bioactive health factors. Breast feeding is …

The human gastrointestinal tract harbours a complex microbial community, which interacts
with the mucosal immune system closely. Gut microbiota plays a significant role in …

Actinobacteria are one the four major phyla of the gut microbiota and, although they
represent only a small percentage, are pivotal in the maintenance of gut homeostasis …

Breast milk is the perfect nutrition for infants, a result of millions of years of evolution. In
addition to providing a source of nutrition, breast milk contains a diverse array of microbiota …

Asthma is one of the most common chronic respiratory diseases worldwide. It affects all ages
but frequently begins in childhood. Initiation and exacerbations may depend on individual …

PRACTALL is a joint initiative of the American Academy of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology
and the European Academy of Allergy and Clinical Immunology to provide shared evidence …

Although oral tolerance is the normal physiologic response to ingested antigens, a
breakdown in this process appears to have occurred in the past 2 decades, leading to an …