The natural history of cancers can be understood through the lens of evolution given that the
driving forces of cancer development are mutation and selection of fitter clones. Cancer …

Cancer is driven by multiple types of genetic alterations, which range in size from point
mutations to whole-chromosome gains and losses, known as aneuploidy. Chromosome …

The extent to which cells in normal tissues accumulate mutations throughout life is poorly
understood. Some mutant cells expand into clones that can be detected by genome …

Cancer is a clonal disorder derived from a single ancestor cell and its progenies that are
positively selected by acquisition of 'driver mutations'. However, the evolution of positively …

Cancer is driven by genetic change, and the advent of massively parallel sequencing has
enabled systematic documentation of this variation at the whole-genome scale,–. Here we …

Reactive oxygen species are a constant threat to DNA as they modify bases with the risk of
disrupting genome function, inducing genome instability and mutation. Such risks are due to …

Oesophageal cancer is the sixth most common cause of cancer-related death worldwide
and is therefore a major global health challenge. The two major subtypes of oesophageal …

The origin of human metaplastic states and their propensity for cancer is poorly understood.
Barrett's esophagus is a common metaplastic condition that increases the risk for …

Oncogenes are activated through well-known chromosomal alterations such as gene fusion,
translocation, and focal amplification. In light of recent evidence that the control of key genes …

Pancreatic cancer, a highly aggressive tumour type with uniformly poor prognosis,
exemplifies the classically held view of stepwise cancer development. The current model of …