Tissue/organ shortage is a major medical challenge due to donor scarcity and patient
immune rejections. Furthermore, it is difficult to predict or mimic the human disease condition …

Reproduction of different tissues using scaffolds and materials is a major element in
regenerative medicine. The regeneration of whole organs with decellularized extracellular …

Electrically conducting polymers such as polyaniline, polypyrrole, polythiophene, and their
derivatives (mainly aniline oligomer and poly (3, 4-ethylenedioxythiophene)) with good …

The cell microenvironment has emerged as a key determinant of cell behavior and function
in development, physiology, and pathophysiology. The extracellular matrix (ECM) within the …

Muscle tissues are soft tissues that are of great importance in force generation, body
movements, postural support and internal organ function. Muscle tissue injuries would not …

Tissue engineering (TE) is an interdisciplinary field integrating engineering, material science
and medical biology that aims to develop biological substitutes to repair, replace, retain, or …

Biomedical electronic devices are interfaced with the human body to extract precise medical
data and to interfere with tissue function by providing electrical stimuli. In this Review, we …

Mimicking the anisotropic cardiac structure and guiding 3D cellular orientation play a critical
role in designing scaffolds for cardiac tissue regeneration. Significant advances have been …

Inorganic/organic hybrid nanosystems have been increasingly developed for their versatility
and efficacy at overcoming obstacles not readily surmounted by nonhybridized counterparts …

Bioprinting is the most convenient microfabrication method to create biomimetic three‐
dimensional (3D) cardiac tissue constructs, that can be used to regenerate damaged tissue …