Background In the 5 years that have passed since the publication of the 2018 International
Consensus Statement on Allergy and Rhinology: Allergic Rhinitis (ICAR‐Allergic Rhinitis …

In many asthmatics, chronic airway inflammation is driven by IL-4-, IL-5-, and IL-13-
producing Th2 cells or ILC2s. Type 2 cytokines promote hallmark features of the disease …

Plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) are important mediators of antiviral immunity through
their ability to produce large amounts of type I interferons (IFNs) on viral infection. This …

The high-affinity Fc receptor for IgE (FcεRI), a multimeric immune receptor, is a crucial
structure for IgE-mediated allergic reactions. In recent years, advances have been made in …

Background Atopy and viral respiratory tract infections synergistically promote asthma
exacerbations. IgE cross-linking inhibits critical virus-induced IFN-α responses of …

Type I interferon (IFN‐α/β) is comprised of a family of highly related molecules that exert
potent antiviral activity by interfering with virus replication and spread. IFN‐α/β secretion is …

Plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) play essential roles in directing immune responses.
These cells may be particularly important in determining the nature of immune responses to …

The recent discovery of microRNAs (miRNAs) has revealed a new layer of gene expression
regulation, affecting the immune system. Here, we identify their roles in regulating human …

One of the most powerful and multifaceted cytokines produced by immune cells are type I
interferons (IFNs), the basal secretion of which contributes to the maintenance of immune …

Cyclic diguanylate (c-di-GMP) is a bacterial intracellular signaling molecule. We have shown
that treatment with exogenous c-di-GMP inhibits Staphylococcus aureus infection in a …