Mood disorders are associated with elevated inflammation, and the reduction of symptoms
after multiple treatments is often accompanied by pro-inflammation restoration. A variety of …

Environmental stressors, such as childhood maltreatment, have been recognized to
contribute to the development of depression. Growing evidence suggests that epigenetic …

Volumetric reductions in the hippocampus and medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) are among
the most well-documented neural abnormalities in major depressive disorder (MDD) …

Now 30 years old, the chronic mild stress (CMS) model of depression has been used in>
1300 published studies, with a year-on-year increase rising to> 200 papers in 2015. Data …

Rationale Psychosocial stressors are a well-documented risk factor for mental illness.
Neuroinflammation, in particular elevated microglial activity, has been proposed to mediate …

Psychiatric disorders, including major depressive disorder (MDD), bipolar disorder (BD) and
schizophrenia, affect a significant percentage of the world population. These disorders are …

A markedly reduced interest or pleasure in activities previously considered pleasurable is a
main symptom in mood disorder and psychosis and is often present in other psychiatric …

Rationale The chronic mild stress (CMS) paradigm was first described almost 40 years ago
and has become a widely used model in the search for antidepressant drugs for major …

Depression is an inflammatory disorder. Pro-inflammatory cytokine interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β)
may play a pivotal role in the central nervous system (CNS) inflammation of depression …

The manipulation of the enteric microbiota with specific prebiotics and probiotics, has been
shown to reduce the host's inflammatory response, alter brain chemistry, and modulate …