Abiotic stresses are the major environmental factors that play a significant role in decreasing
plant yield and production potential by influencing physiological, biochemical, and …

Cadmium accumulation in crops and the possibility of Cd entering the food chain are serious
concerns for public health. This review discusses the deleterious effects of Cd in plants and …

Oxidative stress is common in plants growing under extreme environments, such as water
shortage, salinity, heavy metals, and temperature extremes. To overcome oxidative stress …

Several recent studies have shown that citric acid/citrate (CA) can confer abiotic stress
tolerance to plants. Exogenous CA application leads to improved growth and yield in crop …

Throughout evolution, a number of animals including humans have lost the ability to
synthesize ascorbic acid (ascorbate, vitamin C), an essential molecule in the physiology of …

Salt stress is a continuous threat to global crop production. Here, we studied the alleviation
role of exogenous silicon (Si) in NaCl-stressed cucumber, with special emphasis on plant …

More than one third of the world's irrigated lands are affected by salinity, which has great
impact on plant growth and yield worldwide. Proline accumulation under salt stress has …

Proline accumulation and metabolism are associated with mechanisms of abiotic stress
avoidance in plants. Proline accumulation generally improves osmotic stress tolerance …

Soil salinity and drought stress (DS) are the massive problem for worldwide agriculture. Both
stresses together become more toxic to the plant growth and development. Silicon (Si) being …

Proline is a proteinogenic amino acid synthesized from glutamate and ornithine. Pyrroline-5-
carboxylate synthetase and pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase are the two key enzymes …