Prokaryotes have engineered sophisticated surface nanomachines that have allowed them
to colonize Earth and thrive even in extreme environments. Filamentous machineries …

Bacterial chemotaxis is a biased movement of bacteria toward the beneficial chemical
gradient or away from a toxic chemical gradient. This movement is achieved by sensing a …

Processes of molecular innovation require tinkering and shifting in the function of existing
genes. How this occurs in terms of molecular evolution at long evolutionary scales remains …

The cohort of the ammonia‐oxidizing archaea (AOA) of the phylum Thaumarchaeota is a
diverse, widespread and functionally important group of microorganisms in many …

Type II protein secretion systems (T2SS) are molecular machines that promote specific
transport of folded periplasmic proteins in Gram-negative bacteria, across a dedicated …

Little more than 30 years since the discovery of the Archaea, over one hundred archaeal
genome sequences are now publicly available, of which∼ 40% have been released in the …

Recent studies on archaeal motility have shown that the archaeal motility structure is unique
in several aspects. Although it fulfills the same swimming function as the bacterial flagellum …

Echoing the repeated convergent evolution of flight and vision in large eukaryotes,
propulsive swimming motility has evolved independently in microbes in each of the three …

The origin of eukaryotes and their evolutionary relationship with the Archaea is a major
biological question and the subject of intense debate. In the context of the classical view of …

Archaea use a molecular machine, called the archaellum, to swim. The archaellum consists
of an ATP-powered intracellular motor that drives the rotation of an extracellular filament …