Several epidemiologic and toxicological studies have commonly viewed ambient fine
particulate matter (PM2. 5), defined as particles having an aerodynamic diameter of less …

Air pollution is a complex mixture of gaseous and particulate components, each of which has
detrimental effects on human health. While the composition of air pollution varies greatly …

Airborne particulate matter (PM) comprises both solid and liquid particles, including carbon,
sulphates, nitrate, and toxic heavy metals, which can induce oxidative stress and …

Background Exposure to ambient fine particulate matter (PM 2.5, with aerodynamic diameter
less than 2.5 µm) is a leading environmental risk factor for global cardiovascular health …

Ecological air contamination is the non-homogenous suspension of insoluble particles into
gas or/and liquid fluids known as particulate matter (PM). It has been discovered that …

Abstract Fine particulate matter (PM 2.5) exposure is a major threat to public health, and is
listed as one of the leading factors associated with global premature mortality. Among the …

Epidemiological studies have demonstrated strong associations between exposure to
ambient fine particulate matter (PM2. 5) and cardiac disease. To investigate the potential …

With the increasingly serious problem of environmental pollution, the health problems
caused by PM2. 5 are gradually coming into our line of sight. Previous researches have …

Epidemiological studies revealed a sharp increase in respiratory diseases attributed to PM
2.5. However, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Evidence suggested …

Polycystic ovarian ovary syndrome (PCOS) is the main cause of ovulatory infertility and a
common reproductive endocrine disease of women in reproductive age. In addition, nearly …