Conspectus Dynamic protein–DNA interactions constitute highly robust cellular machineries
to fulfill cellular functions. A vast number of studies have focused on how DNA-binding …

Dissociation of a protein from DNA is often assumed to be described by an off rate that is
independent of other molecules in solution. Recent experiments and computational …

Binding and unbinding of transcription regulators at operator sites constitute a primary
mechanism for gene regulation. While many cellular factors are known to regulate their …

Antimony (Sb) pollution poses a severe health threat to ecosystems. However, the toxic
effects of Sb on biota are far from being elucidated. One of the unresolved questions is the …

Copper homeostasis in pathogenic bacteria is critical for cuproprotein assembly and
virulence. However, in vivo biochemical analyses of these processes are challenging, which …

Highlights•Atomic force microscopy allows for measurements of metal single bond ligand
bond strength.•Stretching metalloproteins leads to protein unfolding and metal single bond …

Escherichia coli CusCBAF represents an important class of bacterial efflux pump exhibiting
selectivity towards Cu (I) and Ag (I). The complex is comprised of three proteins: the CusA …

As a master transcription regulator, the Fis protein influences over two hundred genes of E.
coli. The Fis protein's nonspecific binding to DNA is widely acknowledged, and its kinetics of …

Metal ions can perform multiple roles ranging from regulatory to structural and are crucial for
cell function. While some metal ions like Na+ are ubiquitously present at high …

The trace element copper serves as cofactor for many enzymes but is toxic at elevated
concentrations. In bacteria, the intracellular copper level is maintained by copper efflux …