Changes in metabolism of macrophages are required to sustain macrophage activation in
response to different stimuli. We showed that the cytokine TGF-β (transforming growth factor …

Abstract Interleukin-9 (IL-9) is a multifunctional cytokine with roles in a broad cross-section of
human diseases. Like many cytokines, IL-9 is transcriptionally regulated by a group of …

Interleukin 9 (IL-9) is a cytokine with potent proinflammatory properties that plays a central
role in pathologies such as allergic asthma, immunity to parasitic infection, and …

Abstract T helper 9 (Th9) cells are interleukin 9 (IL-9)-producing cells that have diverse
functions ranging from antitumor immune responses to allergic inflammation. Th9 cells …

Background Eccrine sweat gland (SG) plays a crucial role in thermoregulation but exhibits
very limited regenerative potential. Although SG lineage-restricted niches dominate SG …

Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is a chronic autoimmune disease characterized by fibrosis of the
skin and multiple vital organs, but the immunological pathogenesis of SSc remains unclear …

While much is known about the functional effects of type 2 cytokines interleukin (IL)-4, IL-5
and IL-13 in homeostasis and disease, we still poorly understand the functions of IL-9 …

Abstract T helper type 9 (Th9) cells play important roles in immune responses by producing
interleukin‐9 (IL‐9). Several transcription factors are responsible for Th9 cell differentiation; …

Several lines of evidence implicate that chronic periodontitis (CP) increases the risk of
mental illnesses, such as anxiety and depression, yet, the associated molecular mechanism …

Abstract Period circadian clock 2 (PER2) is involved in the pathogenesis of various
inflammatory and autoimmune diseases. However, there are gaps in our understanding of …