Teaching the contents of study materials by providing explanations to fellow students can be
a beneficial instructional activity. A learning-by-teaching effect can also occur when students …

Artificial agents such as embodied virtual agents, chatbots, voice user interface agents, and
robots simulate human roles for dispensing information to people. According to the …

Ten Steps to Complex Learning presents a path from an educational problem to a solution in
a way that students, practitioners, and researchers can understand and easily use. Students …

Video modeling examples are videos in which an instructor explains and/or demonstrates
how to perform a task or procedure. These examples have become increasingly prevalent in …

The present study tests whether presenting video modeling examples from the learner's (first-
person) perspective promotes learning of an assembly task, compared to presenting video …

Research is needed to understand how to best design video lectures that foster learning. We
tested whether instructor presence is better afforded through methods that increase students' …

The discussion about how to present instructors in instructional videos has become a hot
topic in recent years. This systematic review explores how the instructors' presence affects …

Although the use of video examples in which an instructor demonstrates how to perform a
task has become widespread in online and blended education, specific guidelines for …

Discussion The final two papers of this special issue summarize the 7 empirical
contributions and discuss these within broader theoretical and practical contexts. The …

Eye tracking technology is increasingly used to understand individuals' non-conscious,
moment-to-moment processes during video-based learning. This review evaluated 44 eye …