Background Pollen presents significant potential as a food and health supplement.
However, the direct inclusion of raw pollen in food products faces challenges, including …

Viruses are one of many serious threats to honey bee (Apis mellifera L.) health. There are
many transmission routes for honey bee viruses, and there is potential for wax comb to act …

Climate change is rapidly warming thermal environments, an important abiotic stimulus
governing interactions between microbial symbionts and their hosts. Increasing evidence …

Floral resource loss and pesticide exposure are major threats to bees in intensively
managed agroecosystems, but interactions among these drivers remain poorly understood …

Pollinators face many stressors, including reduced floral diversity. A low-diversity diet can
impair organisms' ability to cope with additional stressors, such as pathogens, by altering the …

Bee pollen is a healthy product with a good nutritional profile and therapeutic properties. Its
high moisture content, however, promotes the growth of bacteria, molds, and yeast during …

Fungi can have important beneficial and detrimental effects on animals, yet our
understanding of the diversity and function of most bee-associated fungi is poor. Over 2 …

Bumble bees are the primary commercial pollinators for greenhouse‐grown crops and
managing them requires insight into the Bombus life cycle. However, some aspects of the …