Plants are constantly exposed to microorganisms in the environment and, as a result, have
evolved intricate mechanisms to recognize and defend themselves against potential …

For more than 200 years, the plant hormone salicylic acid (SA) has been studied for its
medicinal use in humans. However, its extensive signaling role in plants, particularly in …

Acyl lipids in Arabidopsis and all other plants have a myriad of diverse functions. These
include providing the core diffusion barrier of the membranes that separates cells and …

Stress acclimating plants respond to abiotic and biotic stress by remodeling membrane
fluidity and by releasing α-linolenic (18: 3) from membrane lipids. The modification of …

Systemic acquired resistance (SAR) is an inducible defense mechanism in plants that
confers enhanced resistance against a variety of pathogens. SAR is activated in the …

Fatty acids (FAs) consist of long hydrophobic, often unbranched chains of hydrocarbons,
with hydrophilic carboxylic acid groups at one end. They are an important source of reserve …

Systemic acquired resistance (SAR) provides enhanced, long-lasting systemic immunity to
secondary infection by a range of biotrophic, hemibiotrophic and necrotrophic pathogens …

For plants to develop properly and survive, programmed cell death is an important response
strategy to various internal and external cues. Morphologically, a key difference between …

Various lipids are involved in mediating plant growth, development and responses to biotic
and abiotic cues, and their production is regulated by lipid-signaling enzymes. Lipid …

Programmed cell death (PCD) is a ubiquitous genetically regulated process consisting in an
activation of finely controlled signaling pathways that lead to cellular suicide. Although some …