Biointerfaces mediate safe and efficient cell manipulation, which is essential for biomedical
innovations in advanced therapies and diagnostics. The biointerface established by vertical …

Materials patterned with high‐aspect‐ratio nanostructures have features on similar length
scales to cellular components. These surfaces are an extreme topography on the cellular …

Intracellular delivery of advanced therapeutics, including biologicals and supramolecular
agents, is complex because of the natural biological barriers that have evolved to protect the …

New tools for intracellular electrophysiology that push the limits of spatiotemporal resolution
while reducing invasiveness could provide a deeper understanding of electrogenic cells and …

Topography of the extracellular environment is now recognized as a major biophysical
regulator of cell behavior and function. The study of the influence of patterned substrates on …

The plasma membrane (PM) is often described as a wall, a physical barrier separating the
cell cytoplasm from the extracellular matrix (ECM). Yet, this wall is a highly dynamic structure …

Owing to their ability to efficiently deliver biological cargo and sense the intracellular milieu,
vertical arrays of high aspect ratio nanostructures, known as nanoneedles, are being …

In recent studies related to bioelectronics, significant efforts have been made to form 3D
electrodes to increase the effective surface area or to optimize the transfer of signals at …

Innate cell function can be artificially engineered and reprogrammed by introducing
biomolecules, such as DNAs, RNAs, plasmid DNAs, proteins, or nanomaterials, into the …

In vitro models are essential to a broad range of biomedical research, such as pathological
studies, drug development, and personalized medicine. As a potentially transformative …