In addition to CD4+ T cells and neutralizing antibodies, CD8+ T cells contribute to protective
immune responses against SARS-CoV-2 in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID …

Virus-specific CD8+ T cells that differentiate in the context of resolved versus persisting
infections exhibit divergent phenotypic and functional characteristics, which suggests that …

INTRODUCTION More than 50% of patients treated with chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)–T
cells for B cell malignancies develop progressive disease after CAR therapy, and these …

Naïve CD8+ T cells can differentiate into effector (Teff), memory (Tmem) or exhausted (Tex)
T cells. These developmental pathways are associated with distinct transcriptional and …

Abstract Exhausted CD8 T cells (TEX) are a distinct state of T cell differentiation associated
with failure to clear chronic viruses and cancer. Immunotherapies such as PD-1 blockade …

T cell activation is a highly regulated process involving peptide–MHC engagement of the T
cell receptor and positive costimulatory signals. Upon activation, coinhibitory'checkpoints' …

Following their exit from the thymus, T cells are endowed with potent effector functions but
must spare host tissue from harm. The fate of these cells is dictated by a series of …

T cells are crucial for immune functions to maintain health and prevent disease. T cell
development occurs in a stepwise process in the thymus and mainly generates CD4+ and …

Cytotoxic T cell immunity in response to chronic infections and tumours is maintained by a
specialized population of CD8+ T cells that exhibit hallmarks of both exhausted and memory …

The T‐cell response is central in the adaptive immune‐mediated elimination of pathogen‐
infected and/or cancer cells. This activated T‐cell response can inflict an overwhelming …