Gut-associated lymphoid tissues (GALT) are the key antigen sampling and adaptive immune
inductive sites within the intestinal wall. Human GALT includes the multi-follicular Peyer's …

The gut microbiota has a critical role in the maintenance of immune homeostasis. Alterations
in the intestinal microbiota and gut microbiota-derived metabolites have been recognized in …

Humoral immune responses are typically characterized by primary IgM antibody responses
followed by secondary antibody responses associated with immune memory and composed …

The gastrointestinal tract harbors numerous commensal bacteria, referred to as the
microbiota, that benefit host health by digesting dietary components and eliminating …

The immune system has coevolved with extensive microbial communities living on barrier
sites that are collectively known as the microbiota. It is increasingly clear that microbial …

Vitamin A (VitA) is a micronutrient that is crucial for maintaining vision, promoting growth and
development, and protecting epithelium and mucus integrity in the body. VitA is known as an …

Combined checkpoint blockade (eg, PD1/PD-L1) with traditional clinical therapies can be
hampered by side effects and low tumour-therapeutic outcome, hindering broad clinical …

Goblet cells and the mucus they secrete serve as an important barrier, preventing pathogens
from invading the mucosa to cause intestinal inflammation. The perspective regarding goblet …

Innate immunity is maintained in part by antigen presenting cells (APCs) including dendritic
cells, macrophages, and B cells. APCs interact with T cells to link innate and adaptive …

Recent findings point toward diet having a major impact on human health. Diets can either
affect the gut microbiota resulting in alterations in the host's physiological responses or by …