The classic model of GPCR activation proposed that all agonists induce the same active
receptor conformation. However, research over the last decade has shown that GPCRs exist …

Nowadays, pain represents one of the most important societal burdens. Current treatments
are, however, too often ineffective and/or accompanied by debilitating unwanted effects for …

Cellular interactions between delta and mu opioid receptors (DORs and MORs), including
heteromerization, are thought to regulate opioid analgesia. However, the identity of the …

For many patients, chronic pain is often accompanied, and sometimes amplified, by co-
morbidities such as anxiety and depression. Although it represents important challenges, the …

This paper is the 29th consecutive installment of the annual review of research concerning
the endogenous opioid system, now spanning 30 years of research. It summarizes papers …

Delta opioid receptors represent a promising target for the development of novel analgesics.
A number of tools have been developed recently that have significantly improved our …

Background and Purpose Migraine is an extraordinarily common brain disorder for which
treatment options continue to be limited. Agonists that activate the δ‐opioid receptor may be …

Opioid and α2‐adrenoceptor agonists are potent analgesic drugs and their analgesic effects
can synergize when co‐administered. These supra‐additive interactions are potentially …

Within the opioid family of receptors, δ (DOP rs) and μ opioid receptors (MOP rs) are typical
GPCR s that activate canonical second‐messenger signalling cascades to influence diverse …

The global “opioid crisis” has placed enormous pressure on the opioid ligand discovery
community to produce novel opioid analgesics with superior opioid-related adverse-effect …