ADP-ribosylation is a ubiquitous modification of biomolecules, including proteins and
nucleic acids, that regulates various cellular functions in all kingdoms of life. The recent …

Posttranslational modifications (PTMs) regulate protein functions and interactions. ADP-
ribosylation is a PTM, in which ADP-ribosyltransferases use nicotinamide adenine …

Histone lysine and arginine residues are subject to a wide array of post-translational
modifications including methylation, citrullination, acetylation, ubiquitination, and …

ADP-ribosylation controls many processes, including transcription, DNA repair, and bacterial
toxicity. ADP-ribosyltransferases and poly-ADP-ribose polymerases (PARPs) catalyze mono …

All chemical transformations pass through an unstable structure called the transition state,
which is poised between the chemical structures of the substrates and products. The …

Binding TS in preference to S and increasing TΔ S‡ by freezing out motions in E⊙ S and
E⊙ TS have been accepted as the driving forces in enzymatic catalysis; however, the …

Silent information regulator 2 (Sir2) enzymes catalyze NAD+-dependent protein/histone
deacetylation, where the acetyl group from the lysine ϵ-amino group is transferred to the …

This review focuses on the chemistry performed by base excision repair (BER) enzymes,
enzymes that remove nucleobases from DNA in the first step of the repair of many types of …

A member of the Bacillus-produced vegetative insecticidal proteins (VIPs) possesses high
specificity against the major insect pest, corn rootworms, and belongs to a class of binary …

Sirtuins are ancient proteins widely distributed in all lifeforms of earth. These proteins are
universally able to bind NAD+, and activate it to effect ADP-ribosylation of cellular …