Ion channels play a central role in the regulation of nearly every cellular process. Dating
back to the classic 1952 Hodgkin–Huxley model of the generation of the action potential, ion …

Cardiac ATP production primarily depends on oxidative phosphorylation in mitochondria
and is dynamically regulated by Ca 2+ levels in the mitochondrial matrix as well as by …

We report that in heart cells, physiologic stretch rapidly activates reduced-form nicotinamide
adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase 2 (NOX2) to produce reactive oxygen …

The Na+/Ca2+ exchanger, an ion transport protein, is expressed in the plasma membrane
(PM) of virtually all animal cells. It extrudes Ca2+ in parallel with the PM ATP-driven Ca2+ …

The aim of this review is to provide basic information on the electrophysiological changes
during acute ischemia and reperfusion from the level of ion channels up to the level of …

The calcium ion (Ca2+) is the simplest and most versatile intracellular messenger known.
The discovery of Ca2+ sparks and a related family of elementary Ca2+ signaling events has …

Calcium is a ubiquitous second messenger used to regulate a wide range of cellular
processes. This role in signalling has to be conducted against the rigid homeostatic …

Cardiac hypertrophy and heart failure caused by high blood pressure were studied in single
myocytes taken from hypertensive rats (Dahl SS/Jr) and SH-HF rats in heart failure. Confocal …

Local intracellular Ca2+ transients, termed Ca2+ sparks, are caused by the coordinated
opening of a cluster of ryanodine-sensitive Ca2+ release channels in the sarcoplasmic …

Heart muscle is characterized by a regular array of proteins and structures that form a
repeating functional unit identified as the sarcomere. This regular structure enables tight …