Introduction: Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a major worldwide neurological disorder of
epidemic proportions. To date, there are still no FDA-approved therapies to treat any forms …

The blood-brain barrier (BBB) plays a key role in maintaining the specialized
microenvironment of the central nervous system (CNS), and enabling communication with …

The S100 proteins, a family of calcium-binding cytosolic proteins, have a broad range of
intracellular and extracellular functions through regulating calcium balance, cell apoptosis …

The blood-brain barrier breakdown, as a prominent feature after traumatic brain injury,
always triggers a cascade of biochemical events like inflammatory response and free radical …

Traumatic brain injuries (TBIs) account for the majority of injury-related deaths in the United
States with roughly two million TBIs occurring annually. Due to the spectrum of severity and …

Background The proteins S100B, neuron-specific enolase (NSE), glial fibrillary acidic
protein (GFAP), ubiquitin carboxy-terminal hydrolase L1 (UCH-L1), and neurofilament light …

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a risk factor for dementia. Mixed neurodegenerative
pathologies have been described in late survivors of TBI, but the mechanisms driving post …

Chronic exposure to stress is associated with increased incidence of depression,
generalized anxiety, and PTSD. However, stress induces vulnerability to such disorders only …

Accurate diagnosis for mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) remains challenging, as prognosis
and return-to-play/work decisions are based largely on patient reports. Numerous …

The acknowledgement of risks for traumatic brain injury in American football players has
prompted studies for sideline concussion diagnosis and testing for neurological deficits …