Summary 1 Nutrition influences most aspects of animal ecology: juvenile growth rates and
adult mass gain, body condition, probability of pregnancy, over‐winter survival, timing of …

The concept of sexual segregation was 1st formally proposed by Charles Darwin. Among
mammals, ruminants have been the focus of most research on this phenomenon. Sexual …

Sexual segregation is very common in vertebrates that live in groups. In this article, I will
review proximate and ultimate causes of sexual segregation in social species and in …

Female caribou subsist primarily on lichens and some senescent browse during winter
when demands for fetal growth add to costs of thermoregulation and mobility. Lichens …

We examined dietary niches of mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus), North American elk
(Cervus elaphus), and free-ranging cattle (Bos taurus) that frequently co-occur in western …

Reindeer (Rangifer tarandus tarandus) and caribou (Rangifer tarandus granti) use body
stores (capital) and food intake (income) for survival and reproduction. Intakes of low …

Mammals are imperiled worldwide, primarily from habitat loss or modification, and exhibit
downward trends in their populations and distributions. Likewise, large-bodied herbivores …

Fecal nitrogen (FN) has been applied widely as an index of dietary quality in studies of
nutritional ecology of free‐ranging and captive vertebrate herbivores, particularly ruminants …

Recent declines of mule deer Odocoileus hemionus, ostensibly a result of low rates of
recruitment, highlight the importance of understanding relationships between parturient …

Many life‐history characteristics of large mammals are scale sensitive. We provide examples
where varying temporal and spatial scales can affect interpretation of data concerning life …