Reactive oxygen species (ROS) serve as cell signaling molecules generated in oxidative
metabolism and are associated with a number of human diseases. The reprogramming of …

Reactive oxygen species (ROS)-dependent production of ROS underlies sustained
oxidative stress, which has been implicated in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases …

Increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) production has been detected in various cancers
and has been shown to have several roles, for example, they can activate pro-tumourigenic …

Nitric oxide (NO) is a small free radical with critical signaling roles in physiology and
pathophysiology. The generation of sufficient NO levels to regulate the resistance of the …

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) and calcium (Ca2+) signalling are interconnected in the
perception and transmission of environmental signals that control plant growth, development …

For a number of years, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidases
(NOX) was synonymous with NOX2/gp91phox and was considered to be a peculiarity of …

Calcium is an important second messenger involved in intra-and extracellular signaling
cascades and plays an essential role in cell life and death decisions. The Ca 2+ signaling …

Significance: Intrarenal oxidative stress plays a critical role in the initiation and progression
of diabetic kidney disease (DKD). Enhanced oxidative stress results from overproduction of …

Oxygen-derived free radicals, collectively termed reactive oxygen species (ROS), play
important roles in immunity, cell growth, and cell signaling. In excess, however, ROS are …

Oxidative stress is a complex chemical and physiological phenomenon that accompanies
virtually all biotic and abiotic stresses in higher plants and develops as a result of …