To accommodate daily recurring environmental changes, animals show cyclic variations in
behaviour and physiology, which include prominent behavioural states such as sleep–wake …

Hundreds of studies have found that weak magnetic fields can significantly influence various
biological systems. However, the underlying mechanisms behind these phenomena remain …

A rate-limiting step in the prevention and early intervention of depressive disorders in young
people is our insufficient understanding of causal mechanisms. One plausible …

A majority of mammalian genes exhibit daily fluctuations in expression levels, making
circadian expression rhythms the largest known regulatory network in normal physiology …

Bile acids are the end products of cholesterol catabolism. Hepatic bile acid synthesis
accounts for a major fraction of daily cholesterol turnover in humans. Biliary secretion of bile …

The mammalian circadian system, which is comprised of multiple cellular clocks located in
the organs and tissues, orchestrates their regulation in a hierarchical manner throughout the …

Circadian rhythms are 24-h rhythms in physiology and behaviour generated by molecular
clocks, which serve to coordinate internal time with the external world. The circadian system …

Objectives. This 2013 update of the practice guidelines for the biological treatment of
unipolar depressive disorders was developed by an international Task Force of the World …

Protein kinases (PKs) have emerged as one of the most intensively investigated drug targets
in current pharmacological research, with indications ranging from oncology to …

Bile acids are physiological detergents that generate bile flow and facilitate intestinal
absorption and transport of lipids, nutrients, and vitamins. Bile acids also are signaling …