Heart failure is considered an epidemic disease in the modern world affecting approximately
1% to 2% of adult population. It presents a multifactorial, systemic disease, in which—after …

Background Acute exposure to air pollution has been linked to myocardial infarction, but its
effect on heart failure is uncertain. We did a systematic review and meta-analysis to assess …

Calcium (Ca2+) is a critical regulator of cardiac myocyte function. Principally, Ca2+ is the
link between the electrical signals that pervade the heart and contraction of the myocytes to …

Unique to striated muscle cells, transverse tubules (t-tubules) are membrane organelles that
consist of sarcolemma penetrating into the myocyte interior, forming a highly branched and …

Heart muscle is characterized by a regular array of proteins and structures that form a
repeating functional unit identified as the sarcomere. This regular structure enables tight …

The transverse tubules (t-tubules) of mammalian cardiac ventricular myocytes are
invaginations of the surface membrane. Recent studies have suggested that the structure …

Ventricular tachycardia in nonischemic heart failure (HF) initiates by a nonreentrant
mechanism that appears to be due to triggered activity primarily from delayed …

▪ Abstract Intracellular calcium release channels are present on sarcoplasmic and
endoplasmic reticuli (SR, ER) of all cell types. There are two classes of these channels …

Rationale: Autologous bone marrow–derived or cardiac-derived stem cell therapy for heart
disease has demonstrated safety and efficacy in clinical trials, but functional improvements …

Cardiac excitation–contraction coupling occurs primarily at the sites of transverse (T)-
tubule/sarcoplasmic reticulum junctions. The orderly T-tubule network guarantees the …