Over the last 15 years, the satellite constellation of the global positioning system (GPS) has
been modernized for more precise applications, with the introduction of the L2C and L5 …

The ionosphere over the Brazilian region has particular characteristics due to the large
geomagnetic declination angle over most of the territory. Furthermore, the equatorial …

Two widely used scintillation indexes S_ 4 S 4 and φ σ φ are generated by dedicated
ionospheric scintillation monitoring receivers (ISMRs), which typically have 50-Hz temporal …

Scintillation due to ionospheric plasma irregularities remains a challenging task for the
space science community as it can severely threaten the dynamic systems relying on space …

Air navigation is increasingly dependent on the use of Global Navigation Satellite Systems
(GNSS). It allows the determination of the aircraft's position in all phases of the flight and …

We used reanalyzed Jicamarca radar measurements to study the response of equatorial
ionospheric electrodynamics and spread F during the main phase of the large September …

We investigated the ionosphere response to the two severe geomagnetic storms in the
ascending phase of solar cycle 25 which occurred during the 23-24 March 2023 (SYM …

Vertical total electron content (VTEC) has great importance in describing the ionosphere.
VTEC values are commonly distributed in regular grids by means of so‐called global …

This study presents observations of nighttime spread F/ionospheric irregularities and spread
Es at low and middle latitudes in the South East Asia longitude of China sectors during the …

The rate of total electron contents (ROT) calculated from global navigation satellite system
(GNSS) observables has mainly been used as a quantity that can be averaged into an ROT …