Cerebral palsy is defined as a group of disorders that affects an individual's movement,
posture, and balance due to injury to the developing brain. Treatments for the movement …

Background: Cerebral palsy (CP) is the most common cause of childhood disability globally.
Botulinum toxin A injections are widely used to manage limb spasticity in children with CP …

Muscle spasticity after nervous system injuries and painful low back spasm affect more than
10% of global population. Current medications are of limited efficacy and cause neurological …

Cerebral palsy (CP) is the most common cause of pediatric neurodevelopmental and
physical disability in the United States. It is defined as a group of motor disorders caused by …

The central nervous system simplifies motor control by sending motor commands activating
groups of muscles, known as synergies. Physiological locomotion can be described as a …

Stroke patients can develop spasticity and spasticity-related pain (SRP). These disorders
are frequent and can contribute to functional limitations and disabling conditions. Many …

PURPOSE: Investigate the efficacy and safety of multipattern incobotulinumtoxinA injections
in children/adolescents with lower-limb cerebral palsy (CP)-related spasticity. METHODS …

Objective: Botulinum toxin (BoNT-A) is widely used in combined treatment for spastic
cerebral palsy, but its added value preceding comprehensive rehabilitation for motor …

Purpose To identify the body surface position and depth of the center of the intramuscular
nerves dense region (CINDR) of the medial femoral muscles. Methods Utilizing twelve …

Iatrogenic botulism resulting from the substantial increase in use of botulinum neurotoxin
type A (Bo NTA) treatment is rarely reported. We aimed to describe a large iatrogenic …