The present review focuses on the roles of estrogens and aromatase (Cyp19a1a), the
enzyme needed for their synthesis, in fish gonadal sex differentiation. Based on the recent …

The study of sex differences has produced major insights into the organization of animal
phenotypes and the regulatory mechanisms generating phenotypic variation from similar …

Sexual reproduction is a fundamental aspect of life. It is defined by the occurrence of meiosis
and the fusion of two gametes of different sexes or mating types. Sex-determination …

Sexual fate is no longer seen as an irreversible deterministic switch set during early
embryonic development but as an ongoing battle for primacy between male and female …

A critical element of successful sexual reproduction is the generation of sexually dimorphic
adult reproductive organs, the testis and ovary, which produce functional gametes …

The combined result of the mechanisms of sex determination and sex differentiation is the
sex ratio of a population. Because sex-related growth dimorphism in fish is quite common …

Cytochrome P450 aromatase is the enzyme complex responsible for the synthesis of
estrogens by the aromatization of androgens. In the vast majority of tetrapods examined so …

Sexual fate can no longer be considered an irreversible deterministic process that once
established during early embryonic development, plays out unchanged across an …

Anabolic-androgenic steroids (AAS) were the first identified doping agents that have
ergogenic effects and are being used to increase muscle mass and strength in adult males …

Many fishes living in reef environments display remarkable flexibility in sexuality with social
interactions determining their sex either during juvenile development or in adulthood. The …