Salicylic acid (SA) is an essential plant defense hormone that promotes immunity against
biotrophic and semibiotrophic pathogens. It plays crucial roles in basal defense and the …

Jasmonates (JAs) and ethylene (ET), often acting cooperatively, play essential roles in
regulating plant defense against pests and pathogens. Recent research reviewed here has …

Extreme weather conditions associated with climate change affect many aspects of plant
and animal life, including the response to infectious diseases. Production of salicylic acid …

Transcriptional regulation is a central process in plant immunity. The induction or repression
of defense genes is orchestrated by signaling networks that are directed by plant hormones …

Iron (Fe) is one of the essential micronutrients required by both plants and animals. In
humans, Fe deficiency causes anemia, the most prevalent nutritional disorder. Most people …

Background Jasmonates are important regulators in plant responses to biotic and abiotic
stresses as well as in development. Synthesized from lipid-constituents, the initially formed …

Systemic acquired resistance (SAR) is an induced immune mechanism in plants. Unlike
vertebrate adaptive immunity, SAR is broad spectrum, with no specificity to the initial …

Plant growth and response to environmental cues are largely governed by phytohormones.
The plant hormones ethylene, jasmonic acid, and salicylic acid (SA) play a central role in the …

The constant struggle between plants and microbes has driven the evolution of multiple
defense strategies in the host as well as offense strategies in the pathogen. To defend …

Salicylic acid (SA) is an important phytohormone that plays a vital role in a number of
physiological responses, including plant defense. The last two decades have witnessed a …