The transdermal route of drugs has received increased attention in recent years due to
numerous advantages over the oral and injectable routes, such as avoidance of the hepatic …

Franz diffusion cell was primarily used to evaluate the permeability and stability of
formulations such as topical (gels and creams) and transdermal (lipid nanoparticle …

Transdermal drug delivery is an emerging field in the pharmaceutical remit compared with
conventional methods (oral and parenteral). Microneedle (MN)-based devices have gained …

Skin drug delivery is an emerging route in drug development, leading to an urgent need to
understand the behaviour of active pharmaceutical ingredients within the skin. Given, As …

The skin provides an attractive alternative to the conventional drug administration routes.
Still, it comes with challenges as the upper layer of the skin, the stratum corneum (SC) …

The aim of this study was to explore the feasibility of transdermal delivery of ibuprofen using
ionic liquid technology. Ibuprofen, a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, was transformed …

Enhancing skin permeation is important for development of new transdermal drug delivery
formulations. This is particularly relevant for non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) …

The in vitro skin penetration of pharmaceutical or cosmetic ingredients is usually assessed
in human or animal tissue. However, there are ethical and practical difficulties associated …

Introduction Retinol is known to have positive benefits on the skin including enhancements
in barrier function, increased epidermal thickness, reductions in fine lines and wrinkles and …

A quality-by-design and characterization approach was followed to ensure development of
self-emulsifying drug delivery systems (SEDDSs) destined for topical delivery of the highly …