As a complex multicellular structure of the vascular system at the central nervous system
(CNS), the blood-brain barrier (BBB) separates the CNS from the system circulation and …

The blood–brain barrier (BBB) is one of the most selective endothelial barriers. An
understanding of its cellular, morphological, and biological properties in health and disease …

The high selectivity of the human blood-brain barrier (BBB) restricts delivery of many
pharmaceuticals and therapeutic antibodies to the central nervous system. Here, we …

Nowadays, a large population around the world, especially the elderly, suffers from
neurological inflammatory and degenerative disorders/diseases. Current drug delivery …

Recent advances in biomaterials, microfabrication, microfluidics, and cell biology have led to
the development of organ-on-a-chip devices that can reproduce key functions of various …

Human pluripotent stem cells have emerged as a promising in vitro model system for
studying the brain. Two-dimensional and three-dimensional cell culture paradigms have …

The complexity of the human brain poses a substantial challenge for the development of
models of the CNS. Current animal models lack many essential human characteristics (in …

In solid tumors, vascular structure and function varies from the core to the periphery. This
structural heterogeneity has been proposed to influence the mechanisms by which tumor …

The blood–brain barrier (BBB) is a fundamental component of the central nervous system. Its
functional and structural integrity is vital in maintaining the homeostasis of the brain …

Fungal infections are an increasing threat to global public health. There are more than six
million fungal species worldwide, but less than 1% are known to infect humans. Most of …