During the course of evolution, genomes acquire novel genetic elements as sources of
functional and phenotypic diversity, including new genes that originated in recent evolution …

Sexual dimorphism in anatomical, physiological and behavioural traits are characteristics of
many vertebrate species. In humans, sexual dimorphism is also observed in the prevalence …

Studies in model organisms have yielded considerable insights into the etiology of disease
and our understanding of evolutionary processes. Caenorhabditis elegans is among the …

Sexual reproduction is a fundamental aspect of life. It is defined by the occurrence of meiosis
and the fusion of two gametes of different sexes or mating types. Sex-determination …

In apparently scale-free protein–protein interaction networks, or 'interactome'networks,, most
proteins interact with few partners, whereas a small but significant proportion of proteins, the …

Many species groups, including mammals and many insects, determine sex using
heteromorphic sex chromosomes. Diptera flies, which include the model Drosophila …

Genome data have revealed great variation in the numbers of genes in different organisms,
which indicates that there is a fundamental process of genome evolution: the origin of new …

To initiate studies on how protein-protein interaction (or “interactome”) networks relate to
multicellular functions, we have mapped a large fraction of the Caenorhabditis elegans …

Polyploidy, or whole-genome duplication (WGD), is an important genomic feature for all
eukaryotes, especially many plants and some animals. The common occurrence of …

INTRODUCTION Sex differences are widespread in humans and other mammals. For
example, the distribution of height or body size is shifted upwards in males relative to …