TypeScript is an extension of JavaScript intended to enable easier development of large-
scale JavaScript applications. While every JavaScript program is a TypeScript program …

For many academics,“stylish academic writing” is at best an oxymoron and at worst a risky
business. Why, they ask, should we accessorize our research with gratuitous stylistic …

Siek and Taha [2006] coined the term gradual typing to describe a theory for integrating
static and dynamic typing within a single language that 1) puts the programmer in control of …

When scripts in untyped languages grow into large programs, maintaining them becomes
difficult. A lack of types in typical scripting languages means that programmers must (re) …

Language researchers and designers have extended a wide variety of type systems to
support gradual typing, which enables languages to seamlessly combine dynamic and static …

Current proposals for adding gradual typing to JavaScript, such as Closure, TypeScript and
Dart, forgo soundness to deal with issues of scale, code reuse, and popular programming …

Combining static and dynamic typing within the same language offers clear benefits to
programmers. It provides dynamic typing in situations that require rapid prototyping …

Live programming environments aim to provide programmers (and sometimes audiences)
with continuous feedback about a program's dynamic behavior as it is being edited. The …

Several programming languages are beginning to integrate static and dynamic typing,
including Racket (formerly PLT Scheme), Perl 6, and C# 4.0 and the research languages …

Programmers reason about their programs using a wide variety of formal and informal
methods. Programmers in untyped languages such as Scheme or Erlang are able to use …