A magnetospheric substorm is a transient process initiated on the night side of the earth, in
which a significant amount of energy derived from the solar wind‐magnetosphere interaction …

Interplanetary discontinuities and their geomagnetic effects are reviewed for
magnetospheric/space weather researchers. Discontinuities are particularly useful as …

The near‐Earth neutral line (NENL) model of magnetospheric substorms is reviewed. The
observed phenomenology of substorms is discussed including the role of coupling with the …

A physical model is presented which can explain the global structure of the geomag-netic
sudden commencement (SC). Relevant observational results are first summarized in order …

The geomagnetic field observed on the surface of the earth has been an important source of
information on the dynamic behavior of the magnetosphere. Because the· magnetosphere …

Knowledge of the average size and shape of the near‐Earth magnetotail is an essential
element for our understanding of the magnetospheric response to the influence of the solar …

We use Wind solar wind data and Polar UV imaging data to study the nightside
magnetospheric/magnetotail responses to interplanetary shocks/pressure pulses. Of 53 …

The solar wind energy input and dissipation in the magnetospheric–ionospheric systems of
17 supersubstorms (SSSs: SML<− 2500 nT) triggered by interplanetary shocks during solar …

It is proposed here that the expansion phase of substorms results from a reduction in the
large‐scale electric field imparted to the magnetosphere from the solar wind, following a≳ …

To understand the magnetospheric substorm, it is necessary to determine whether its onset
is externally triggered by the interplanetary magnetic field (IMF). We analyze the relationship …