Infections are considered important environmental triggers of autoimmunity and can
contribute to autoimmune disease onset and severity. Nucleic acids and the complexes that …

How the immune response matures from recognizing a single or a few structures of the
antigen to many is an obviously important process. Models of B‐cell epitope spreading have …

We investigated the role of the costimulatory molecules, CD40 and its ligand CD40L, in the
pathogenesis of human SLE. In comparison to normal subjects or patients in remission …

Relapsing experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (R-EAE) is a CD4+ T cell-mediated
demyelinating disease model for multiple sclerosis. Myelin destruction during the initial …

Polyclonal, generalized T cell defects, as well as Ag-specific Th clones, are likely to
contribute to pathology in murine lupus, but the genetic bases for these mechanisms remain …

In vivo treatment of mice with the natural killer T (NKT) cell ligand, α-galactosylceramide
(αGalCer), ameliorates autoimmune diabetes and experimental autoimmune …

Leptin is an adipocytokine that plays a key role in the modulation of immune responses and
the development and maintenance of inflammation. Circulating levels of leptin are elevated …

Bruton's Tyrosine Kinase (BTK) and IL-2 Inducible T-cell Kinase (ITK) are enzymes
responsible for the phosphorylation and activation of downstream effectors in the B-cell …

Nucleosome-specific T helper (Th) cells provide major histocompatibility complex class II-
restricted, cognate help to nephritogenic antinuclear autoantibody-producing B cells in …

Mechanisms that initiate lupus nephritis and cause progression to end-stage renal disease
remain poorly understood. In this study, we show that lupus-prone New Zealand Mixed 2410 …