Objectives Oral contraceptives (OC) and menopausal hormone therapy (MHT) contain
exogenous sex hormones and are used by millions of women around the world. However …

The incidence of ovarian cancer has been epidemiologically related to female reproductive
events and hormone replacement therapy after menopause. This highlights the importance …

Immune checkpoints regulate the immune system response. Recent studies suggest that
flavonoids, known as phytoestrogens, may inhibit the PD-1/PD-L1 axis. We explored the …

Cervical cancer (CC) remains a major health concern globally, much of the brunt of which is
experienced by the low-and middle-income countries where screening in terms of cytology …

Persistent activation of estrogen receptor alpha (ERα)‐mediated estrogen signaling plays a
pivotal role in driving the progression of estrogen receptor positive (ER+) breast cancer …

Postmenopausal women often experience hormonal changes and shifts in fat composition,
affecting weight gain and obesity. Understanding the link between hormones, especially …

Sex disparities have been observed in many tumor types affecting non-reproductive organs.
Typically, the incidence and mortality rates of such cancers are higher in men. Although …

Inflammation and pathological vasculature are common features of the tumor
microenvironment (TME). Sex hormones modulate vascular permeability and have …