Prostate cancer is the most commonly diagnosed male malignancy. Despite compelling
epidemiology, there are no definitive aetiological clues linking development to frequency …

Differentiated sex chromosomes in mammals and other vertebrates evolved independently
but in strikingly similar ways. Vertebrates with differentiated sex chromosomes share the …

Genes are typically assumed to express both parental alleles similarly, yet cell lines show
random allelic expression (RAE) for many autosomal genes that could shape genetic effects …

Males are XY and females are XX in most mammalian species. Other species such as birds
have a different sex chromosome make-up: ZZ in males and ZW in females. In both types of …

Empirical models of sequence evolution have spurred progress in the field of evolutionary
genetics for decades. We are now realizing the importance and complexity of the eukaryotic …

Monoallelic expression not due to cis-regulatory sequence polymorphism poses an
intriguing problem in epigenetics because it requires the unequal treatment of two segments …

An unexpectedly large number of human autosomal genes are subject to monoallelic
expression (MAE). Our analysis of 4,227 such genes uncovers surprisingly high genetic …

Genes are generally expressed from their two alleles, except in some particular cases such
as random inactivation of one of the two X chromosomes in female mammals or imprinted …

There is tremendous variation in biological traits, and much of it is not accounted for by
variation in DNA sequence, including human diseases and lifespan. Emerging evidence …

Monoallelic expression (MAE) or extreme allele bias can account for incomplete penetrance,
missing heritability and non-Mendelian diseases. In cancer, MAE is associated with shorter …