Decades of research have identified genetic factors and biochemical pathways involved in
neurodegenerative diseases (NDDs). We present evidence for the following eight hallmarks …

The analogy of mitochondria as powerhouses has expired. Mitochondria are living, dynamic,
maternally inherited, energy-transforming, biosynthetic, and signaling organelles that …

In vivo gene editing therapies offer the potential to treat the root causes of many genetic
diseases. Realizing the promise of therapeutic in vivo gene editing requires the ability to …

The mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation system is central to cellular metabolism. It
comprises five enzymatic complexes and two mobile electron carriers that work in a …

The ability of chemical modifications of single nucleotides to alter the electrostatic charge,
hydrophobic surface and base pairing of RNA molecules is exploited for the clinical use of …

Transfer RNA (tRNA) is an adapter molecule that links a specific codon in mRNA with its
corresponding amino acid during protein synthesis. tRNAs are enzymatically modified post …

The expression of mitochondrial genes is regulated in response to the metabolic needs of
different cell types, but the basic mechanisms underlying this process are still poorly …

Recent evidence supports the notion that mitochondrial metabolism is necessary for the
determination of stem cell fate. Historically, mitochondrial metabolism is linked to the …

The mitochondrial genome encodes core subunits of the respiratory chain that drives
oxidative phosphorylation and is, therefore, essential for energy conversion. Advances in …

As the crucial powerhouse for cell metabolism and tissue survival, the mitochondrion
frequently undergoes morphological or positional changes when responding to various …