The amygdala has long been associated with emotion and motivation, playing an essential
part in processing both fearful and rewarding environmental stimuli. How can a single …

Uncertainty about a possible future threat disrupts our ability to avoid it or to mitigate its
negative impact and thus results in anxiety. Here, we focus the broad literature on the …

Despite an initial focus on negative threatening stimuli, researchers have more recently
expanded the investigation of attentional biases toward positive rewarding stimuli. The …

Despite global increases in diversity, social prejudices continue to fuel intergroup conflict,
disparities and discrimination. Moreover, as norms have become more egalitarian …

Chronic pain conditions are associated with abnormalities in brain structure and function.
Moreover, some studies indicate that brain activity related to the subjective perception of …

“A rigorous, in-depth guide to the history, philosophy, and scientific exploration of this
widespread emotional state...[LeDoux] offers a magisterial review of the role of mind and …

Researchers have wondered how the brain creates emotions since the early days of
psychological science. With a surge of studies in affective neuroscience in recent decades …

Psychiatric and neurological disorders have historically provided key insights into the
structure-function relationships that subserve human social cognition and behavior …

Each of us has felt afraid, and we can all recognize fear in many animal species. Yet there is
no consensus in the scientific study of fear. Some argue that 'fear'is a psychological …

Midbrain dopamine neurons are well known for their strong responses to rewards and their
critical role in positive motivation. It has become increasingly clear, however, that dopamine …