Caffeine is the most widely consumed behaviorally active substance in the world. Almost all
caffeine comes from dietary sources (beverages and food), most of it from coffee and tea …

Extracellular purines (adenosine, ADP, and ATP) and pyrimidines (UDP and UTP) are
important signaling molecules that mediate diverse biological effects via cellsurface …

Four adenosine receptors have been cloned and characterized from several mammalian
species. The receptors are named adenosine A1, A2A, A2B, and A3. The A2A and A2B …

The amphetamine derivative (±)-3, 4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA, ecstasy) is
a popular recreational drug among young people, particularly those involved in the dance …

There has been an exponential growth in interest n purinoceptors since the potent effects of
purines were first reported in 1929 and purinoceptors defined in 1978. A distinction between …

The loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta leads to the
characteristic motor symptoms of Parkinson's disease: bradykinesia, rigidity and resting …

“Receptors recognize a distinct chemical entity and translate information from that entity into
a form that the cell can read to alter its state”(Kenakin et al., 1992). Even though the …

Synaptic dysfunction plays a central role in Alzheimer's disease (AD), since it drives the
cognitive decline. An association between a polymorphism of the adenosine A2A receptor …

Purinergic neurotransmission, involving release of ATP as an efferent neurotransmitter was
first proposed in 1972. Later, ATP was recognised as a cotransmitter in peripheral nerves …

The popularity of caffeine as a psychoactive drug is due to its stimulant properties, which
depend on its ability to reduce adenosine transmission in the brain. Adenosine A 1 and A 2A …